It is true that a cold water pipe will work as a ground but it should not be trusted. If the wiring in a house is older then the introduction of electrical grounding I would have to recommend the instillation of new grounded wiring. Grounding using the plumbing system, past where the cold water pipe enters the house, can present a hazard to plumbers. They can receive electrical shock if they remove a piece of pipe that was part of the groundings pathway. Also, as plumbing codes change they do not take into account electrical need. In many areas of the united states plumbers are using non-metallic piping and fitting. If this is added to your system you will lose your grounding.
I don't know what the NEC - OR 2011 is. Is that a code book for the state of Oregon? The NEC does not allow using a gas pipe as a grounding electrode. You run the risk of heating the gas to explosive temperatures.
Bends are made in PVC conduit using a tool known as a heat gun or a heat blanket. If you want to make make accurate and aesthetically pleasing bends without distorting the pipe, the PVC conduit must be heated thoroughly - inside and out. This is achieved using a "heater box," or a "heater blanket." Greenlee tools makes both, specifically for working with PVC conduit. Also available are plugs for plugging the ends of the PVC lengths to be bent, for keeping heat trapped inside the pipe and speeding up the heating process.
Construction electricians use a wide variety of tools during their career. Hand tools: wire strippers, side cutters, screwdrivers, Allen wrenches, tape measure, protractor, needle nose pliers, cable cutters, hammer, handbenders, etc. . . Power tools: drills, portabandsaws, pipe threader, pipe benders Testers: Voltmeter, ammeter, ohm meter, multimeter, megger, ground tester
in this method a galvonise iron pipe of 38mm internal dia 2.5 mt lenght having 12mm dia holes on its surface
wrought pipe bends means straight pipe bend using rotary draw pipe bender. or pipe bend by any method
A 770 Greenlee hydraulic pipe bender bend is used for rigid steel conduit from 2" to 4".
With a pipe bender of course hydraulic would be the best choice
pipe bender(bend-pak)
Pipe benders are commonly used in plumbing and have the benefit of not crushing the pipe when trying to bend. One may obtain a pipe bender from trade stores such as Screwfix or Toolstation, where prices start from around å£15 for a small pipe bender.
Using various mathematical formulas such as a 45 degree offset would be 1.4142Then there is 90 DEG, 60 Deg, 45 Deg, 22.5 Deg 11 1/4 DEG1/4 bend 1/8 Bend 1/16 Bend 1/32 Bend and then once yo know the angle you want then do the math
To fabricate a 90-degree bend in a 500 mm diameter pipe, you can use a process called pipe bending, which typically involves heating or pressing the pipe to achieve the desired angle. Depending on the material, a hydraulic pipe bender or a mandrel bender can be employed to ensure a smooth and accurate bend without kinks. Alternatively, if the material cannot be bent, you might cut and weld two sections at an angle to create the bend, ensuring proper alignment and reinforcement. Always consider the material properties and the requirements of the application when selecting the fabrication method.
To bend square tubing, you can use a pipe bender specifically designed for square tubing. Make sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific tool you are using to ensure a proper bend without damaging the tubing. Additionally, consider the wall thickness and material of the tubing when selecting the bending method.
You can virtually a 3D pipe bend by using a bend machine. This is can create a lot of different single and multiple bends making the pieces form into shapes.
Worught Pipe Bend
A bend in a pipe
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