lol you take all the old cable out of the wall and replace it with new nm cable. It requires each wall to be tore out. Why would you want to replace all the wiring unless you were remodeling the whole apartment. Some of the old wiring if not too old is better than the new nm cable. Just convert your fuse bus panel to a breaker service and your set.
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Without seeing the actual installation, there are too many variables, so here's my best answer: -------------------------- The wiring would have to meet the following rules: 1) It has to be installed as specified in Article 300 (Wiring Methods) of the National Electrical Code. 2) It has to be in accordance with Article 310, Conductors for General Wiring. And: 3) The new fixture needs to be installed in accordance with Article 410. If it is a low-voltage sign, it may or may not have been installed to meet article 300, and it is likely not in accordance with article 310 as it would apply to wiring used at 120 volts. The reason for this is that low voltage lighting requirements are more lax than 'normal' lighting system requirements. Low voltage requirements are found in Article 411 of the NEC.
It depends on whether the building classification is combustible or non combustible. On a new commercial building wiring is usually designed by an electrical engineer. In this case the wiring is done to their specifications. On a rewire of a commercial building BX cable can be used behind wall board. The reasoning is that most commercial buildings these days use steel studs. Dragging ordinary NMD wire through these types of studs can cut the outer sheath. In some jurisdictions steel stud bushings have to be used when a steel stud is hole punched. By using this type of wiring cable, rigid conduit or EMT does not have to be used.
Depends on the load of the oven. More than likely it will require AWG #6 but you need to read the electrical requirements for that particular oven.
It is true that a cold water pipe will work as a ground but it should not be trusted. If the wiring in a house is older then the introduction of electrical grounding I would have to recommend the instillation of new grounded wiring. Grounding using the plumbing system, past where the cold water pipe enters the house, can present a hazard to plumbers. They can receive electrical shock if they remove a piece of pipe that was part of the groundings pathway. Also, as plumbing codes change they do not take into account electrical need. In many areas of the united states plumbers are using non-metallic piping and fitting. If this is added to your system you will lose your grounding.
There isn't a good way to do that without knowing what you are building. Most good eletricians charge by the hour or a flat fee per job based on the type of work and working conditions. For example running wiring in a tall warehouse ceiling will cost more than wiring a new home thats still being constructed.