Answer for USA, Canada and countries running a 60 Hz supply service.
Equipment grounding conductors are not based on the size of the live and neutral conductors. Equipment grounding conductors are based on the amp rating of the circuit, which may or may not be the same ampacity of the conductors of the circuit.
However, working backwards, a 16mm conductor is the same as a 3/0 conductor, which is rated for 200amps, which requires an equipment grounding conductor (earth) of at least 6 AWG copper / 4 AWG aluminum. If your circuit is rated higher (usually the breaker size) than 200 amps a larger conductor may be required.
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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.
Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.
IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
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The correct term for the 'live' conductor is the 'line' conductor. The line conductor has a potential of 230 V (in UK) with respect to the neutral conductor which is at approximately the same potential as earth. This potential difference provides the 'driving force' for the current drawn by the load.
There is no such thing as a 'neutral phase'. 'Live' or 'hot' conductors are called 'lines', whereas the neutralconductor is at approximately earth (ground) potential.So, a toaster would be connected between a line and a neutral conductor.
Red - active, (commonly known as your live cable) Black - Neutral Green - Earth
The colour red designates that the wire is used as a live wire. The neutral wire is identified as white in colour.
short circuit