The sizing of wire is dependant on what the amperage or wattage of the range is. Most new homes are pre-wired for a standard size range. The wiring is #8 with a insulation factor of 90 degree C and rated for 40 amps. This feeder is protected by a 40 amp breaker.
If the amperage or wattage is larger than this, then a larger conductor must be installed. Use this equation if you need to change wattage into amperage. I = W/E, Amps = Watts/Volts. If the range is in kilowatts multiply the kilowatt number by 1000 to change it to watts to use in the equation.
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Use what is called bell wire or thermostat wire.
For that distance I would run AWG # 3 copper and install a sub-panel.
Depends on the wire size you are using. If the generator breaker is a 30 amp then install a 30 amp breaker.
Service entrance wire should be AWG #3 copper.
You need to look at the regulations that apply in your country. If in doubt, use a neutral wire of the same size as the live wire or wires.