A 0 or 1 in a binary number is called a bit. A binary number is made up of only ones and zeroes.
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A denary number is a number based on the ten digits, from 0 to 9. This is in contrast to the binary system used in computing, which consists entirely of 0s and 1s.
All numbers can be represented in a binary number system. Binary is the base 2 number system, meaning that there 2 possible values per place: 0 and 1. A decimal system allows for 10: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. In a decimal system, you carry out and add a space once you pass 9. Thus, you end up with a 1 in the second place and a 0 in the first. The first space then counts up again. Similarly, a binary system adds a place when it reaches 2. In a decimal system, there are 10x numbers which can be represented by a system with x places. In binary, there are 2x possible numbers. If the number of places is infinite, an infinite number of values can be represented. Negative numbers can be represented in a variety of ways, from a dash as is commonly used in decimal to a 2's complement to a sign bit (i.e. a 1 or a 0 which will tell the reader or the machine the sign of the number).
The binary number 10011 is equivalent to the decimal number 19 in the base-10 number system. In binary, each digit represents a power of 2, starting from the right with 2^0, 2^1, 2^2, and so on. Therefore, 12^4 + 02^3 + 02^2 + 12^1 + 1*2^0 = 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 19.
There is no largest number, either decimal or binary.