"3 dB" is a nickname for "1/2 power".
"1/2 power" in dB = 10 log(1/2) = 10 (-0.30103) = -3.01 dB
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Cut off frequency is that frequency at which the power output of the circuit reduces to half of its power in pass band. Power (P)= Current2 X Resistance. so to reduce the power by half we need to reduce the current by 1/sqrt{2} = 0.707 = 3 db. So it's also called half power frequency. http://enter4joy.com
3dB of gain rolloff is a linear reduction of gain by a factor of 2. That makes it a good reference point.
The gain of an op amp varies with frequency. After an op amp reaches the half-power point, the gain falls appreciably. And then once it hits the transition frequency, the op amp no longer provides any gain.
the power will be reduced to the haflf because P=V2/R so when the resistance doubles the power reduced to the half of itsoriginal value
Norway is one I guess Iceland is another.