There is no single 'formula' for this, as the maximum current a circuit can handle depends on the temperature the various components within that circuit can operate at, without deterioration. There are so many factors involved, such as the type of component, the type of insulation, whether it can cool naturally or whether it must be force cooled, etc. Every circuit must be considered on an individual basis.
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For the amperage of a metal halide fixture look for the nameplate which can be found on the side of the ballast. There it will tell you what the amperage of the fixture draws. Knowing what one fixture draws will allow you to size the lighting circuit for wire and breaker sizes.
You need also to know the resistance of the cable. First you establish what the current of the load is. Then from that you calculate the wire size. From a wire size chart you find the wire resistance. Then use the formula I (squared) x R.
Volt amps is the same way of saying watts. This is seen in the formula Watts = Volts x Amps. Using the formula I = W/E we transpose I = 20000/240 = 83.33 amps.
Here is the formula you use. I = E/R. I = amperage, E = volts, R = resistance in ohms.
Current = (Voltage across the circuit) divided by (Total resistance of the circuit). The current is the same at every point in the series circuit.