In a 3 phase, star connected system, the phase to phase voltage and phase to neutral voltage is calculated using root 3. That is, phase to phase voltage is root 3 times phase to neutral voltage. Also to calculate three phase power the voltage and current is multiplied by root 3 to obtain 3 phase power with unity power factor.
AnswerIf you vectorially-add two quantities that are displaced from each other by 120 degrees, then the resulting quantity will be 1.732 (i.e. the square-root of 3) longer. Try it for yourself.
So, for a wye (star) connected system, the phasor (vector) sum of two phase voltages will result in a line voltage that is 1.732 times larger than a phase voltage. For a balanced wye (star) connected load, the phasor sum of two phase voltages will result in a line current that is 1.732 larger than a phase current.
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1.73 is the square root of the whole number 3, (rounded off to two decimals), and is used in virtually all 3 phase calculations.
The figure 1.73 is the results of the square root of 3. 1.73 is used in three phase calculations. The number is also used on three phase four wire systems. To find the coil voltages of a wye system 1.73 is divided by the phase voltage. An example, three phase 480 wye system. 480/1.73 = 277 volts
A delta connected appliance can be connected to a 3-phase system by leaving the neutral unconnected. The appliance must be properly earthed.
It is in some places, but not generally because it requires at least 3 wires, and can only transmit 2/3 of the power of an equivalent 3 wire, 3 phase system.