Use trigonometry and the cosine ratio:
cos = adj/hyp and when rearraged hyp = adj/cos
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hypotenuse.
Remember SOHCAHTOA which means, the Sin of an angle is equal to the Opposite side divided by the Hypotenuse, the Cos of an angle is equal to the Adjacent side divided by the hypotenuse, and the Tangent of an angle is equal to the Opposite side divided by the Adjacent side. So as long as you have two sides of a right triangle, then you can find the angles and the length of the third side.
Sine= Opposite/ Hypotenuse Cosine= Adjacent/ Hypotenuse
Yes. If c is the length of the hypotenuse, and alpha is the angle between the hypotenuse and the base. If we say a is the length of the side opposite angle alpha and b is the length of the adjacent side, then the lengths a and b are as follows: a=h*sin(alpha) b=h*cos(alpha)
You need a bit more information to solve that one, because it's not clear whether the angle is opposite the leg you know or adjacent to it. If the angle is adjacent to the known leg, then divide the length of the leg by the cosine of the angle. If the angle is opposite the known leg, then divide its length by the sine of the angle.