For a right angle triangle:-
hypotenuse = adjacent/cosine or hypotenuse = opposite/sine
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By using the trigonometric ratios of Sine and Cosine. The diagonal forms the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle with the length and width of the rectangle forming the other two sides of the triangle - the adjacent and opposite sides to the angle. Then: sine = opposite/hypotenuse → opposite = hypotenuse x sine(angle) cosine = adjacent/hypotenuse → adjacent = hypotenuse x cosine(angle)
Use the appropriate sine or cosine ratio.
One is the hypotenuse times the sine of one acute angle, the other, the hypotenuse times the sine of the other acute angle (or the cosine of the first).
For finding the angles in a right angled triangle the ratios are: sine = opposite divided by the hypotenuse cosine = adjacent divided by the hypotenuse tangent = opposite divided by the adjacent
Because that is accepted definition. The sine is opposite over hypotenuse, or Y in the unit circle. The cosine is adjacent over hypotenuse, or X in the unit circle. The tangent is sine over cosine, etc. For more information, please see the related link below.