A trapezoid (or trapezium, outside of North America) is a four-sided figure with two parallel sides. In general the parallel sides aren't the same length, so to construct one you would simply:
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Yes, they can be. Here is an example to see how this is true. Construct two perpendicular lines AB and CD that intersect at a point O. Let AO = CO, BO = DO and AO ≠ BO, then ABDC forms an isosceles trapezoid. If the lines are not perpendicular, then also ABDC is an isosceles trapezoid and it has perpendicular diagonals.
No, not every trapezoid is an isosceles trapezoid.
The altitude of a trapezoid bisects the bases of the trapezoid.
All the names to classify a trapezoid are a trapezoid and a quadrilateral.
A trapezoid can also take the form of an isosceles trapezoid