Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. The structure of the organization is the framework within which effort is coordinated. The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization. Decisions made about the structure of an organization are generally referred to asorganizational design decisions.
Organizing also involves the design of individual jobs within the organization. Decisions must be made about the duties and responsibilities of individual jobs, as well as the manner in which the duties should be carried out. Decisions made about the nature of jobs within the organization are generally called "job design" decisions.
Organizing at the level of the organization involves deciding how best to departmentalize, or cluster, jobs into departments to coordinate effort effectively. There are many different ways to departmentalize, including organizing by function, product, geography, or customer. Many larger organizations use multiple methods of departmentalization.
Organizing at the level of a particular job involves how best to design individual jobs to most effectively use human resources. Traditionally, job design was based on principles of division of labor and specialization, which assumed that the more narrow the job content, the more proficient the individual performing the job could become. However, experience has shown that it is possible for jobs to become too narrow and specialized. For example, how would you like to screw lids on jars one day after another, as you might have done many decades ago if you worked in company that made and sold jellies and jams? When this happens, negative outcomes result, including decreased job satisfaction and organizational commitment, increased absenteeism, and turnover.
Recently, many organizations have attempted to strike a balance between the need for worker specialization and the need for workers to have jobs that entail variety and autonomy. Many jobs are now designed based on such principles as empowerment, job enrichment and teamwork. For example, HUI Manufacturing, a custom sheet metal fabricator, has done away with traditional "departments" to focus on listening and responding to customer needs. From company-wide meetings to team huddles, HUI employees know and understand their customers and how HUI might service them best.[12]
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A case study format consists of introducing the challenge at the beginning of the case. Then, steps made to solve the problem followed by a conclusion is added to the case study.
In computer design the geometrical objects are requried to visualise the algoritmic steps of problem domain.
What effort did Hoover make to alleviate the problem caused by the depression
the following are the steps take by the government to controll the poverty in both rural and urban places 1] Area development programe: it is the programe introduced by the government to come over from the poverty . the main aim of this programe is to develope the areas like hill areas development programe [HDP], spetial area development programe [SADP] rural areas development programe [RADP] .....................etc 2] Employment development : this was also introduced by the goverment to come over from poverty. the main aim of this programe is to create more and more employment oportunities . when more employment opportunities are inroduced in the country standard of the people will be increased to this profitable to us .to develop the employment goverment are encouraging few MNC 3] resources and income development programe; these programe have been started to increase the income level of the people in both rural and urban areas