In an x-y graph, 'x' has two meanings.
Firstly, it can represent a variable whose value can be clearly marked in the horizontal axis. 'x' is the set of numbers displayed on the horizontal axis and implicitly outside the graph too. For example, in the equation 'y=ax+b', x represents a variable.
Secondly, it can represent a solution or a specific number of the variable above. For example, when you say 'y=2 when x=3' on the curve, 'x' represents a specify number marked on the horizontal axis.
You can interpret which one does the author mean.
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the horizontal axis
the slope.
Normally x is the horizontal axis and y is the vertical axis
The x-axis is time and the y-axis is velocity.
Whatever is being measured along the x-axis, you allocate 2-cm of the line to one unit of x. So, for example, if you are drawing a graph of life expectancy against current age (all measured in years), then each year of the current age (independent variable) would be 2 cm apart.