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In that case, the units don't cancel, and you have to keep the units. For example, if you travel 100 km in 2 hours, the ratio is 100 km / 2 hours or 50 km/hour. You have to keep the units, for the result to be meaningful (although the units are quite often implied).
A rate compares two different units. Ex. 1 mile / 1 hour A ratio compares two of the same units. Ex. 1 mile / 2 miles
3 feet = 36 inches so a ratio which uses the same units of measurement for both measures, would be 36:24 which is equivalent to 3:2
If the measurements are of like things (eg distances) to find the ratio convert one of them into the units of the other, then the units an be dropped and the ratio simplified; eg: What is the ratio of 2 cm = 1 km? 1 m = 100 cm 1 km = 1000 m = 1000 × 100 cm = 100,000 cm → 2 cm : 1 km = 2 cm : 100,000 cm = 2 : 100,000 = 1 : 50,000 (This is the scale of the OS Landranger maps). If they are different things, then the units cannot be dropped, and the ratio requires them, eg making a brine solution may require 1 g of salt per 100 ml of distilled water the ratio of salt : water = 1 g : 100 ml.
If two shapes are similar, then each length is in the same ratio. The ratio of the heights is 10 : 2 Thus the radii are in the same ratio, ie 4 : x = 10 : 2 → x = 2 × 4 ÷ 10 = 0.8 units