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What is a real world example of nuclear energy?

Nuclear power stations.


What force works from a distance?

Gravitational, electrostatic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear


What does Einsteins E equals mc2 have to do with nuclear reactions?

E = mc2 means that energy and mass are 2 forms of the same thing. In the equation, E stands for energy, m for mass and c for the speed of light. In a nuclear reaction, the nuclei of unstable atoms such as Uranium-236 break into 2 daughter nuclei and free neutrons. However, not all of the mass of the parent nucleus is transferred to these particles. A small amount is converted to heat energy according to this equation. Because the speed of light is such a large quantity (around 300,000 m/s), and it is then squared, a very small amount of mass can be converted into vast quantities of energy. In the 'Little Boy' bomb dropped on Hiroshima in World War 2, around 0.6g of mass was converted to energy, yet it released energy equivalent to the detonation of between 13,000 and 18,000 tons of TNT.


How many minutes are in a nuclear megawatt?

None. First, a megawatt is a megawatt - whether it is nuclear or not. Second, a megawatt is a measure of power while a minute is either a measure of time or of angular displacement. In either case, a watt and a minute measure two different things and, according to the basic rules of dimensional analysis, conversion from one to the other is not valid.


Why are government recommendations about radiation exposure made on an amount-per-year scale?

They aren't always. There are exposure limits for other time periods as well. Brazil, for example, has a 5-year limit of exposure (which is only twice the 1-year limit of exposure), and often workers around nuclear reactors have guidelines for shorter periods in addition to the yearly ones. The issue is that radiation damage is cumulative. A single medical X-ray is not likely to cause any significant adverse effects. However, the technician goes and hides behind a lead shield, because while you might have one or two a year, he's sitting there with the thing two hundred and fifty days a year, multiple X-rays per day. Basically, the body can recover from a single moderate dose better than from a continuous lower dose.