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There is no spring caliper.
The ratio of force applied to how much the spring streches (or compresses). In the SI, the spring constant would be expressed in Newtons/meter. A larger spring constant means the spring is "stiffer" - more force is required to stretch it a certain amount.
depends on the initial length of the spring, and how much force is required to stretch the spring
The unit used on spring scales is 'Newtons.'
F = - k x In this equation, x is the distance that the spring has been stretched or compressed away from its equilibrium position F is the restoring force exerted by the spring. k is the spring constant.