Immediately springing to mind, geometric progression is used in accountancy in finding the Net Present Value of projects (specifically, the value of money each year based on the discount factor). It is also used in annuities, working out monthly repayments of loans and values of investments - compound interest is a geometric progression.
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The question cannot be answered because it assumes something which is simply not true. There are some situations in which arithmetic progression is more appropriate and others in which geometric progression is more appropriate. Neither of them is "preferred".
The common ratio is the ratio of the nth term (n > 1) to the (n-1)th term. For the progression to be geometric, this ratio must be a non-zero constant.
Geometric progression 1, 4, 16, 64, 256 would seem to fit...
Divide any term, except the first, by the term before it.
This is a geometric progression with a factor of -10, so 0.562.