Yes, factors are divisors.
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factors
They are also counting numbers.
Correct. 5 and 2 are factors of 10, and will be factors of any number having 10 as a factor.
The concept of the number of factors is appropriate only with positive integers. Otherwise, if p is a factor of the given number n, do you also count -p? That would double the number of factors. So are there 3 factors or 6?
12, 14, and 20 have an even number of factors. 4, 9, and 16 also have an even number of factors, but since they're perfect squares, two of the factors are the same number in each case, so each appears to have an odd number of factors.