A correlation coefficient cannot exceed 1.
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No! Correlation by itself is not sufficient to infer or prove causation.
0, within statistical error.
They equal a minus and two +'s or two -'s equal a + :)
positive correlation
If measurements are taken for two (or more) variable for a sample , then the correlation between the variables are the sample correlation. If the sample is representative then the sample correlation will be a good estimate of the true population correlation.