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A quadratic polynomial must have zeros, though they may be complex numbers.A quadratic polynomial with no real zeros is one whose discriminant b2-4ac is negative. Such a polynomial has no special name.
In the real domain, yes. In the complex domain, no.
Basically, a rational expression is one that can be written as one polynomial, divided by another polynomial.
A rational function is the quotient of two polynomial functions.
A rational function is the ratio of two polynomial functions. The function that is the denominator will have roots (or zeros) in the complex field and may have real roots. If it has real roots, then evaluating the rational function at such points will require division by zero. This is not defined. Since polynomials are continuous functions, their value will be close to zero near their roots. So, near a zero, the rational function will entail division by a very small quantity and this will result in the asymptotic behaviour.