Yes. And that is true of most probability distributions.
There are no benefits in doing something that cannot be done. The standard normal distribution is not transformed to the standard distribution because the latter does not exist.
Yes. Normal (or Gaussian) distribution are parametric distributions and they are defined by two parameters: the mean and the variance (square of standard deviation). Each pair of these parameters gives rise to a different normal distribution. However, they can all be "re-parametrised" to the standard normal distribution using z-transformations. The standard normal distribution has mean 0 and variance 1.
Yes. Most do.
Because the z-score table, which is heavily related to standard deviation, is only applicable to normal distributions.
Yes. And that is true of most probability distributions.
Standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion of the data. When the standard deviation is greater than the mean, a coefficient of variation is greater than one. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_variation If you assume the data is normally distributed, then the lower limit of the interval of the mean +/- one standard deviation (68% confidence interval) will be a negative value. If it is not realistic to have negative values, then the assumption of a normal distribution may be in error and you should consider other distributions. Common distributions with no negative values are gamma, log normal and exponential.
It's the same as a z-Transformation. for all xi: (xi-mean(x)) / std(x)
There are no benefits in doing something that cannot be done. The standard normal distribution is not transformed to the standard distribution because the latter does not exist.
Yes. Normal (or Gaussian) distribution are parametric distributions and they are defined by two parameters: the mean and the variance (square of standard deviation). Each pair of these parameters gives rise to a different normal distribution. However, they can all be "re-parametrised" to the standard normal distribution using z-transformations. The standard normal distribution has mean 0 and variance 1.
Yes. Most do.
A chi square is square of standard normal variate, so all values are positive
Check the lecture on t distributions at StatLect. It is explained there.
standard deviation is best measure of dispersion because all the data distributions are nearer to the normal distribution.
Only one. A normal, or Gaussian distribution is completely defined by its mean and variance. The standard normal has mean = 0 and variance = 1. There is no other parameter, so no other source of variability.
Because the z-score table, which is heavily related to standard deviation, is only applicable to normal distributions.
No. There are many other distributions, including discrete ones, that are symmetrical.