Only one line can pass through two points, but this line can have different equations that could represent it. These are called dependent equations (because they represent the same line).
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That is true for the Euclidean plane. But on surfaces that are not flat, there can be infinitely many lines through any pair of points.
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Colinear points mean that if you draw a (really long) line between any two of them, the line will pass through the others. Or simply: there can exist a straight line that can pass through all of them. These are colinear points: . .... .. One line can pass through all of them: These ar not colinear points: :. If I try to connect any two of them with a line, the third point will not lie on that line.
Not if the line is straight.
No, a secant line does not pass through the center of a circle. A secant line is a line that intersects a circle in two distinct points. Only a line passing through the center of a circle is called a diameter.
A chord
A straight line joining points on a circle is called a "chord" of that circle. If the line happens to pass through the center of the circle, then it's a "diameter" of that circle. The question asked about "points" on a circle, so two points on the circumference of that circle are being considered. (No line can join more than two points of a circle.)