For a stranded cable:
Use a micrometre or vernier gauge to measure 1 strand; this gives you the diameter of the strand.
Halve this figure for the radius, square the number and multiply by pi.
(pi r squared is the area of a circle).
Finally multiply the result by the number of strands which then gives you the true csa of the stranded cable.
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If the diameter doubles (x2), the cross-sectional area quadruples (x4).
Imagine the wire is straight, now cut through at right angle to the centre line, the exposed surface is the cross sectional area, on a round wire it = pi * radius2 (area of a circle)
Other things being equal, more cross-sectional area will cause less resistance.
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It quadruples.