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define "linear equation" and "function."

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Suppose f is a mapping from one set of numbers (the "domain") to another (the "range"). The domain and range may be the same or different.

If, for each and every element in the domain, f assigns one and only one elemnt in the range, then f is a function.

For example, f might be "double the number and then add 23", or "square root the number and then divide by 7". In the second case, the domain cannot have any negative numbers in it (why?).

A linear equation is a function of the form y or f(x) = mx + c where m and c are constants and x and y are variables. The function f maps every value of x in the domain x onto the value y according to the rule: multiply by m and add c.

The equation is called linear because for any pair of values x1 and x2 and the corresponding values y1 and y2, the ratio (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1) is the constant m.

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