A sample is a subset of a population. Usually it is impossible to test an entire population so tests are done on a sample of that population. These samples can be selected so that they are representative of the population in which cases the sample will have weights, strata, and clusters. But usually people use random samples. So it's not that the line is different, it's that the line comes from different data. In stats we have formulas that allow a sample to represent a population, if you have the entire population (again unlikely), you wouldn't need to use this sample formulas, only the population formulas.
The sample regression function is a statistical approximation to the population regression function.
Yes, there is a distinction between the population regression function (PRF) and the sample regression function (SRF). The PRF represents the true relationship between the independent and dependent variables across the entire population, while the SRF is an estimate derived from a sample of that population. Although both functions aim to describe the same underlying relationship, the SRF can differ from the PRF due to sampling variability and measurement errors. In essence, the SRF is used to infer the PRF, but they are not identical.
Sampling Error
population is the number of citizens living in a defined geographical area. Sample is a number taken from the population being the sample to research for a topic about the populations' behavior or habit, etc.
standard error
What is the difference between the population and sample regression functions? Is this a distinction without difference?
The sample regression function is a statistical approximation to the population regression function.
The population regression function (PRF) represents the true relationship between independent and dependent variables across the entire population, while the sample regression function (SRF) is an estimation derived from a subset of that population. The PRF is typically unknown and theoretical, while the SRF is calculated from observed data. This distinction is not merely academic; it is crucial in econometrics because the SRF is subject to sampling variability and potential bias, which can affect inference and predictions based on the estimated model. Understanding this difference helps econometricians assess the reliability and validity of their estimates.
A sample of a population is a subset of the population. The average of the population is a statistical measure for some variable of the population.
A sample is any subset of the total population. A representative sample is one that is chosen so that its characteristics are similar to that of the population.
Zero
A population includes all members of a defined group. A sample, on the other hand, is just a part of the population.
You calculate the actual sample mean, and from that number, you then estimate the probable mean (or the range) of the population from which that sample was drawn.
the sampled population includes all people whom are included in the sample, the targeted population is what the statistics practitioner is targeting or questioning
Sampling Error
Sampling bias.
population is the number of citizens living in a defined geographical area. Sample is a number taken from the population being the sample to research for a topic about the populations' behavior or habit, etc.