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Clausius inequality is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics that applies to all thermodynamic processes, not just spontaneous ones. It states that for any reversible process, the change in entropy (ΔS) is equal to the heat transfer (Q) divided by the temperature (T), while for irreversible processes, ΔS is greater than Q/T. Therefore, it provides a criterion for the direction of spontaneous processes but is applicable to both spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes.

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4w ago

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