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A linear relation is a straight line. A non-linear relation is not - it mayor may not be be a curve.
In linear dynamic systems, the motion traces out an orbit or trajectory in phase space that's a looping curve, mathematically predictable. In nonlinear systems the trajectory in phase space may be a fractal structure, leading to motion that is inherently unpredictable (chaos) from its equations of motion.
Linear equations, if they have a solution, can be solved analytically. On the other hand, it may not always be possible to find a solution to nonlinear equations. This is where you use various numerical methods (eg Newton-Raphson) to work from one approximate numerical solution to a better solution. This iterative procedure, if properly applied, gives accurate numerical solutions to nonlinear equations. But as mentioned above, they are not arrived at analytically.
A linear equation may be used to convert a unit price to a price for the quantity that you want. For example, if one bottle of drink costs C units then (at that same price) 5 bottles will cost 5*C units. It is used in the same way by businesses.
Some fabrics may be calculated in linear metres when they are of a known standard width.