Yes.
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Yes. The parameters of the t distribution are mean, variance and the degree of freedom. The degree of freedom is equal to n-1, where n is the sample size. As a rule of thumb, above a sample size of 100, the degrees of freedom will be insignificant and can be ignored, by using the normal distribution. Some textbooks state that above 30, the degrees of freedom can be ignored.
No- skewness parameter declines with increased degrees of freedom. skewness = sqrt(8/k) see link
Mass and damping are associated with the motion of a dynamic system. Degrees-of-freedom with mass or damping are often called dynamic degrees-of-freedom; degrees-of-freedom with stiffness are called static degrees-of-freedom. It is possible (and often desirable) in models of complex systems to have fewer dynamic degrees-of-freedom than static degrees-of-freedom.
You cannot. It has a characteristic bell-shaped curve but so does a Student's t with enough degrees of freedom. There are other distributions which, with suitable choice of parameters can be made to look very similar to the Normal curve.
It is not negative. it is positively skewed, and it approaches a normal distribution as the degrees of freedom increase. Its shape is NEVER based on the sample size.