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since the line integral depends on the two values upper & lower limits and the function to which we have to integrate. the values changes only when the upper & lower limits changes, whatever the path is.
To calculate the area between the x-axis and a line (which may be straight or curved), between two values of x, you first need to find the equation of the line. You then integrate the equation between the limits (the two values of x.
This is an extremely general question. Perhaps an example of the type of problem you need help with would be better.
Yes. You can't have a fraction of an employee. Thus, the range of values is not continuous, thus the variable is discrete.
Qty is used in the corporate world to make report headers better match small data values all the time.