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If one of the variables affects the outcome of the other but not the other way around, then the one that is affected is the dependent and the other is independent.
Independent variables are variables that can be changed in an experiment, while dependent variables are variables that change as a result of an experiment. In other words, independent variables are what you change, and dependent variables are the results of the experiment.
Independent variables are ones that are not impacted by outside forces or other factors. Dependent variables are the ones that are impacted by other elements and need other elements in order to function.
Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation.
It does not have to. It is simply a study where two variables have a joint probability density function. There is no requirement for both variables to be dependent - one may be dependent on the other (which is independent).