They dont really measure the tamperature of the sun. They have sent things to get as close as they can and to send back the temperature. Then the scientists take how far it was and the temperature and go up about 10 to 20 degrees every time they move it closer. So they dont really know the suns temperature, Its all a close guess.
A2. One may determine the properties of an object without actually touching it. We may look at certain spectral lines coming from the Sun, and in lab experiments, or by calculation, know at what temperature that emission would occur.
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Use a spectrometer to measure the wavelength of the light. There is a direct, but inverse correlation of the wavelength to the temperature.
If you want to be pedantic, scientists measure temperature in kelvins, not degrees. Heat is energy and is measured in energy units, like joules.
the sun
The temperature of an object is a measure of the thermodynamic energy of the object.
To measure temperature