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Solutions 8, 10, 11, and 12 exhibit the properties of a buffer solution by maintaining a relatively stable pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added. They contain a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid), allowing them to neutralize added H⁺ or OH⁻ ions. This ability to resist significant changes in pH is characteristic of buffer solutions, demonstrating their effectiveness in maintaining a consistent environment in various chemical and biological processes.

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