You first convert the fractions to a common denominator. For example, 1/2 + 1/3 = 3/6 + 2/6. Then you just add (or subtract) the numerators, and put it over the common denominator; for the above example, that would be 5/6.
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You can either add the fractional parts and, if required, convert the answer to a mixed fraction and then add the integer part to the integer parts of the two original numbers; or change both numbers to top-heavy (or improper) fractions, add them and then convert the answer to a mixed fraction.
The fraction will increase.
Add it
add half the denominator to the numerator
1-a, which may or may not be a fraction.