To add fractions w/ common denominators, like 2/5 + 1/5, you must ONLY add the numerator, or the top numeral.
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You need to find the least common multiple of their denominators.
You need common denominators. Then add or subtract the numerators. If the answer is an improper fraction it is common practice to reduce it to a mixed number.
They must have the same denominators.
To add fractions with the same denominators, simply add together the numerators, and cancel down if necessary. For example, 5/8 + 1/8 = 6/8. Cancelling this down to an improper fraction in its simplest form, this is equal to 3/4.
You need to make them similar: that is, making sure they have the same denominator. This would be a common multiple of the denominators of the fractions: though not necessarily the least common denominator.