If the tax is 10 percent and the price of the item is $1.00 then you simply calculate 10% of 1.0. = 10 cents and add it to the original price.
You would charge the person $1.10 (including tax).
The simple way to calculate the final price mathematically is to express the percent as a decimal and add 1 to it. Then multiply the price by this number.
I.e If the tax is 5.6% you would express this a 0.056 + 1 = 1.056 and multiple the pre tax price by this number.
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First you calculate the tax, then you add it. If the tax is, for example, 5%, you calculate price x 5 / 100 to get the tax amount.
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Multiply the price by 1.08625 .
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8.5% of $20,000 is 8.5 x $20,000 / 100 or $1,700, so the total price would be $21,700
Multiply the price by 1.08875. Try it with an easy figure - say the price is 100, including the sales tax this would be 108.875 (108.88 to two decimal places). If the original price was 50, then the total including the sales tax would be 50.044375 (50.04 to two places)