The lowest common denominator (LCD) is also known as the least common multiple (LCM).
The simple way to find the LCD of 2 numbers is to make a list of the multiples of each number until you find a number which is in both lists. For example, find the LCD of 12 and 28:
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, ...
28, 56, 84, ...
The LCD is 84.
Sometimes you have to make long lists, and this method gets tedious.
The more technical method is to find the prime factorization of each number.
12 = 2x2x3
28 = 2x2x7
Notice that both numbers have 2x2, but we need a 3 to get a multiple of 12, and a 7 to get a multiple of 28. So you need 2 2's, a 3 and a 7:
The LCD is 2x2x3x7 = 84.
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You need at least two fractions to calculate a common denominator.
The least common denominator is 60.
a least common (LCD) denominator is a least common multiple (LCM); only it's a fraction and it's LCM is in the denominator's place.
The least common denominator for 9 and 10 is 90.
The least common denominator of 13 and 52 is52