mean dose x mass = integral dose
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Integration can be used to calculate the area under a curve and the volume of solids of revolution.
In reimann stieltjes integral if we assume a(x) = x then it becomes reimann integral so we can say R-S integral is generalized form of reimann integral.
The mathematical technique used to calculate the area under a graph is integral calculus. This is a complex subject which I am not going to attempt to explain in detail- it normally takes years of study.
Where you refer to a particular integral I will assume you mean a definite integral. To illustrate why there is no constant of integration in the result of a definite integral let me take a simple example. Consider the definite integral of 1 from 0 to 1. The antiderivative of this function is x + C, where C is the so-called constant of integration. Now to evaluate the definite integral we calculate the difference between the value of the antiderivative at the upper limit of integration and the value of it at the lower limit of integration: (1 + C) - (0 + C) = 1 The C's cancel out. Furthermore, they will cancel out no matter what the either antiderivatives happen to be or what the limits of integration happen to be.
Integral calculators calculate definite and indefinite integrals (antiderivatives) for use in calculus, trigonometry, and other mathematical fields/formulations.