If the numbers are being multipled or divided then you add or subtract the exponent values, respectively.
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It depend entirely on the expressions you are comparing.
They are called "like terms".
you take numbers with the same variables and combine them together. ex. 2x+6x-10=30 combine 2x and 6x by adding 8x-10=30
They are not. Exponents, powers and indices are terms used for the same thing.
Two terms that have the same variables and you can combine them in addition. For example, 3x and 34x have the same variable, and when you add them, they combine to form 37x. 4y and 4 do not have the same variable and you cannot combine them in addition. For example, 4y + 4 equals 4y + 4; it cannot be simplified or combined.