To calculate manually if any number is a Prime number, divide the number by ascending prime numbers until you reach the square root of the number. In this instance:
123/2 = 61.5
123/3 = 41
Therefore, 123 is not a prime number. However, since the first two factors we discovered are both prime - those being 3 and 41, it must not have any other factors.
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563 is the prime number.
123 is a composite number because it has more than two factors
The prime factors of 123 are 3 and 41. 3 x 41 = 123
123 3,41
3 x 41 = 123