You add up the length of all the sides.
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To find the perimeter of polygon efgh, you need the ratio of similarity between polygons abcd and efgh, as well as the perimeter of polygon abcd. Once you have the perimeter of abcd, multiply it by the ratio to obtain the perimeter of efgh. If the ratio is not provided, it cannot be determined.
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Different polygons have different relationships between perimeter and area. For example, if we assume regular polygons, an equilateral triangle and a square have different perimeters for the same area. If you allow irregular polygons, the variety is even bigger.
There is insufficient information to answer the question. For a given area, the perimeter depends upon the shape. For a given area, the circle will have the smallest perimeter. For polygons, regular polygons will have a smaller perimeter than an irregular one of the same area. Also, for regular polygons, the greater the number of sides, the smaller the perimeter.
For the perimeter of a polygon you add the sides to find the total distance around the shape. For area, you multiply using the various formulas for different polygons.