All composite numbers can be expressed as unique products of prime numbers. This is accomplished by dividing the original number and its factors by prime numbers until all the factors are prime. A factor tree can help you visualize this.
Example: 210
210 Divide by two.
105,2 Divide by three.
35,3,2 Divide by five.
7,5,3,2 Stop. All the factors are prime.
2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 210
That's the prime factorization of 210.
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First, make sure all the factors are, in fact, prime. Then make sure that the product of all the factors is the number you wanted to factor.
The number 1 and the prime number itself.
It is always 1 and the prime number itself.
Prime factorization is when you find all the prime factors of a number.
All numbers that only have one and itself as factors are prime. Therefore, to tell if a number is prime simply find it's factors. If it has more than two factors than it is not a prime number.