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The translation is vertical if the added term is outside the main function and horizontal if it is inside it, next to the x.

For example, y = x^2 represents a parabola, with its lowest point at (0,0). If we have the equation y = x^2 + 2 then we have translated the parabola up two units -- its lowest point is now x = 0, y = 2. But if we write y = (x + 2)^2, then we are translating two units to the left, and the lowest point is x = -2, y = 0.

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