A Gantt chart is a bar chart, but a bar chart is not necessarily a Gantt chart.
Bar chart is a much wider decription. It like asking "What's the difference between a fruit and an apple?". The apple is a fruit, but a fruit doesn't have to be an apple...
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Although the terms are often used as synonyms they are not the same. A Gantt chart is a specific type of bar chart. Gantt did not invent the bar chart, the concept of bar charts pre-date Gantt's work by at least a century. The erroneous description of a bar chat as a Gantt chart and the belief that Gantt invented the bar chart probably results from the decision of Microsoft, in 1984/1985, to misname the bar chart view in its scheduling tool Microsoft Project as a Gantt chart. See 'Where did the Misuse of the names Gantt and PERT Originate?'. P Weaver. PM World Journal, Vol. II, Issue IV, (April 2013).
Tasks are usually show on a gantt chart, as well as the people who are assigned to the task, and of course the duration (starting date and end date). Gantt charts also display the dependencies between tasks.
A rhombus, a parallelogram, a trapezium (unless isosceles) and the most general quadrilateral.
A gantt chart is like a bar chart. It is often used to indicate periods of time in a project or schedule. It can show graphically how long something is expected to take, or when something is due to start and finish. It can also show how these things are related to each other, like how one thing must be complete before something else can begin. So if you are building a house, you could show how long it is expected to lay the foundations, which will give you an idea of when the building of the walls will begin. This could then help you to decide how soon you need to order the bricks for the wall.You can use gantt charts to show things like when your holidays begin and end, or to plan your day, by showing how many hours you will spend doing various activities. There are lots of uses for gantt charts.
It's a stacked bar chart.