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Chemonucleolysis uses chymopapain, an enzyme derived from papyrus, to dissolve the disk material that has been displaced because of injury.

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Q: How does chemonucleolysis work?
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What type of disk injuries is chemonucleolysis used with?

Chemonucleolysis is effective on protruded and extruded disks, but not on sequestered disk injuries.


How long does it take for chemonucleolysis to work?

Many patients feel immediate relief from pain, but, in about 30% of patients, maximal relief takes six weeks


When is chemonucleolysis not a treatment option?

Chemonucleolysis should not be performed on patients allergic to chymopapain or papaya. It also should not be done: when the patient is pregnant, if the disk is sequestered, if the patient has had several failed back operations.


What risks are associated with chemonucleolysis?

The greatest risk is that the patient may be allergic to chymopapain. The death rate for chemonucleolysis is only 0.02%. Complications overall are five to 10 times less than with conventional surgery.


What is chemonucleolysis?

a medical procedure that involves the dissolving of the gelatinous cushioning material in an intervertebral disk by the injection of an enzyme such as chymopapain.


What happens during a chemonucleolysis treatment?

A small gauge needle is placed in the center of the affected disk. Chymopapain is introduced into the disk. The patient needs to remain still.


What types of activities are restricted after a chemonucleolysis?

Patients may feel lower back stiffness, which goes away in few weeks. Heavy lifting and sports activities should be avoided for at least three months.


What has the author John A McCulloch written?

John A. McCulloch has written: 'The Dilemma of Modernity' 'Sciatica and chymopapain' -- subject(s): Chemonucleolysis, Chemotherapy, Chymopapain, Hernia, Injections, Intradiscal, Intervertebral disk, Intradiscal Injections, Sciatica, Therapeutic use


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They got their education by secretly learning it if their master didn't allowed because it was illegal. Sometimes, their masters tought the slave even though it was against the law. By secretly learning it, they could learn it off another slave or steal a book and educate themselves.


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