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The absolute value of an integer is found by ignoring its sign (plus or minus).
Kelvin has the advantage that it is an absolute temperature scale - it starts from absolute zero. This simplifies several calculations; for example, in an ideal gas, at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is proportional to the absolute temperature. Similarly, calculations related to heat machines are simpler if an absolute temperature scale is used.
The absolute value of a complex number is the magnitude of the number, which is found from sqrt(a² + b²) for the complex number a + bi
This is because the actual mechanical advantage is the actual calculation found after dividing the effort force by the output force. Ideal mechanical advantage is what many people would call an estimate. When estimating mechanical advantage, the numbers are always rounded. This makes actual mechanical advantage less. Sources: Science teacher
The Celsius scale is not absolute. It has no absolute value.