Depends on the size of the room (its thermal capacity) and the efficiency of the heating.
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U.S.gallon = 8.33 pounds of water. Therefore to raise the temperature by one degree F will require 8.33 BTU. The initial temperature of 50 F is inconsequential.
It doesn't work that way. There is not a certain number of btus to raise air temperature. You would have to know how much air. A BTU is the British Thermal Unit. That is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree F.
That depends how fast you want to do this. Please note that "watt" is not a unit of energy, it's a unit of power (energy per time unit).
To heat 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit, you need 1 British Thermal Unit (BTU). This is based on the definition of a BTU, which is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit at a constant pressure.
A watt is a unit of power: what is required is probably the amount of energy - which is measured in joules.