In today's modern way of expressing Roman numerals 199 and 114 are now considered to be CXCIX and CXIV respectively but there exist historical evidence to suggest that the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above calculations in either of the following formats:
A: ICC+ICXV+ICC = DXII => (200-1)+(215-1)+(200-1) = 512
B: CLXXXXVIIII+CXIIII+CLXXXXVIIII = DXII +> 199+114+199 = 512
For more extensive and complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.
See answer to question: ' How do you add together 1666 and 1999 in two different ways using Roman numerals'
The modern way of expressing 19 into Roman numerals is now XIX but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above calculations as follows: A: XXXI+IXX = L => 31+(20-1) = 50. B: XXXI+XVIIII = L => 31+19 = 50. C: XXXI-IXX = XII => 31-(20-1) = 12. D: XXXI-XVIIII = XII => 31-19 = 12.
In Roman numerals, "XXX" represents the number 30. The Roman numeral system uses letters to signify different values, with "X" representing 10. When three "X" symbols are placed together, they are added together to make 30.
I expect a Roman would notice that 1999 is only I less than MM, so he would used MM plus the others, take-away one I. Similarly for the others. So you have MM+XX+L less III = MMLXVII. In two different ways: take off the III before adding LXX or take it off afterwards instead.
Lower case numerals have the same values as upper case numerals but normally you don't mix them together.
See answer to question: ' How do you add together 1666 and 1999 in two different ways using Roman numerals'
Doing arithmetic with Roman numerals is exasperating, and imho a pointless waste of time, except to demonstrate the obvious superiority of our "normal numbers," which use base-10 radix / positional notation that includes a zero digit as a placeholder. I'd venture to say science & technology -- commerce, too -- could never have developed in recent centuries if we still used Roman numerals for calculations. However, this web site explains some methods: http://turner.faculty.swau.edu/mathematics/materialslibrary/roman/
In todays modern configuration of Roman numerals 49 is now considered to be XLIX but the ancient Romans would have probably added the given numbers in either of the following formats:-A: MDCCLXXVI+IL = MDCCCXXV => 1776+(50-1) = 1825.B: MDCCLXXVI+XXXXVIIII = MDCCCXXV => 1776+49 = 1825.For more complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.QED
The modern way of expressing 19 into Roman numerals is now XIX but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above calculations as follows: A: XXXI+IXX = L => 31+(20-1) = 50. B: XXXI+XVIIII = L => 31+19 = 50. C: XXXI-IXX = XII => 31-(20-1) = 12. D: XXXI-XVIIII = XII => 31-19 = 12.
When in Rome do as the Roman do and the ancient Romans would have probably added together 1999 and 3001 in either of the following ways:- IMM+MMMI = (V) => (2000-1)+3001 = 1000*5 = 5000 MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+MMMI = (V) => 1999+30001 = 5000 Note that in todays modern configuration of Roman numerals 1999 is now considered to be MCMXCIX
It is now generally accepted that the modern way of expressing 1999 into Roman numerals is now MCMXCIX but the ancient Romans would have probably worked out the above as follows:- A: MDCCLXXVI+IMM = MMMDCCLXXV => 1776+(2000-1) = 3775 B: MDCCLXXVI+MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII = MMMDCCLXXV => 1776+1999 = 3775 C: MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII-MDCCLXXVI = CCXXIII => 1999-1776 = 223 The above calculations are fairly easy and straightforward but for more complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus counting device.
In Roman numerals, "XXX" represents the number 30. The Roman numeral system uses letters to signify different values, with "X" representing 10. When three "X" symbols are placed together, they are added together to make 30.
I expect a Roman would notice that 1999 is only I less than MM, so he would used MM plus the others, take-away one I. Similarly for the others. So you have MM+XX+L less III = MMLXVII. In two different ways: take off the III before adding LXX or take it off afterwards instead.
The modern way of expressing the equivalent of 49 into Roman numerals is XLIX but the ancient Romans would have probably expressed it as IL or XXXXVIIII thus facilitating the speed and ease of the above calculations respectively as follows:- A: LI+IL = C => 51+(50-1) = 100. B: LI+XXXXVIIII = C => 51+49 = 100. C: LI-IL = II => 51-(50-1) = 2. D: LI-XXXXVIIII = II => 51-49 = 2.
Convert from Roman numerals to Arabic numerals, add, convert back to Roman numerals.
Lower case numerals have the same values as upper case numerals but normally you don't mix them together.
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