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x =shirt

y =sweater

shirt + sweater = $40

x + y = 40

shirt + 12 = the price of the sweater (price of the sweater is $12 more than the shirt)

x + 12 = y

x + y = 40

x + (x + 12) = 40

2x + 12 = 40

2x + 12 - 12 = 40 - 12

2x = 28

2x / 2 = 28 / 2

x = 14

x = shirt = $14

IF...

shirt + sweater = $40

x + y = 40

14 + y = 40

14 + y - 14 = 40 - 14

y = 26

y = sweater = $26

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