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Suppose the speed of the boat is x mph. Then upstream, it travels 5 hours at x-3 mph and so covers 5x - 15 miles.

When going downstream the boat covers the same distance, at x+3 mph, in 2.5 hours so (5x-15)/(x+3) = 2.5

Multiply through by 2*(x+3): 2*(5x-15) = 5*(x+3)

10x - 30 = 5x + 15 or 5x = 45 giving x = 9 mph.

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