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No. A number cannot be closed under addition: only a set can be closed. The set of rational numbers is closed under addition.
Quite simply, they are closed under addition. No "when".
Let + (addition) be a binary operation on the set of odd numbers S. The set S is closed under + if for all a, b ϵ S, we also have a + b ϵ S. Let 3, 5 ϵ the set of odd numbers 3 + 5 = 8 (8 is not an odd number) Since 3 + 5 = 8 is not an element of the set of the odd numbers, the set of the odd numbers is not closed under addition.
Yes, the set is closed.
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